Document resume cs 200 704 becker, lee b doolittle, john. Zajonc authored prominent works that relied on or led to. Advances in consumer research volume 21, 1994 pages 264269. Attitudinal effects of mere exposure, was published in the journal of personality and social psychology in 1968. We investigated the developmental aspect of sensitivity to the orientation of familiar faces by asking 38 adults and 72 children from 3 to 12 years old to make a preference choice between standard and mirror images of themselves and of familiar. The effects of sexually objectifying music videos on college mens sexual beliefs jennifer stevens aubrey, k. In the present study, both a replication condition and an experimental condition that deleted one of the aural sources of input yielded the same function. Zajonc university of michigan the hypothesis is offered that mere repeated exposure of the individual to a stimulus object enhances his attitude toward it. Involves deeply processing the content of the message. One explanation for this bias is the affect heuristic. Zajonc has proposed that repeated mere exposure of a stimulus is a sufficient condition for enhancing the attractiveness of this stimulus. Mere exposure effect additional experiments showed that. According to the propinquity effect, which expands on the mere exposure effect, proximity is the most powerful predictor of.
Yet, empirical evidence is lacking which shows the effects of social escapism motivation on user acceptance of sna. The second assumption, that favorable exposure will lead to favorable attitude. The effects of mere exposure on responses to foreignaccented speech by lea a. The mereexposure effect implies that participants will show a preference for a specific stimulus in their reaction to that stimulus if they are repeatedly exposed to that one stimulus over a short period of time. So the more often we see something, the more often we like it. Effects of mere exposure on learning and affect david j. A mere exposure effect example is when you hear a song on the radio for the first time, and you hate it. Asian indian of a prospective college professor on participants cognitive reactions, affective reactions, and passage comprehension. Shifting liberal and conservative attitudes using moral. This article on mere exposure is adapted from an online course that i just launched, the science of subliminal influence, available exclusively on. Note that our studies tested whether participants would show a preference for the instructed.
Using the mereexposure effect in influence marketing. This paper reports on the results from two studies that were conducted eight years apart with different respondents. As a social psychologist addressing mainly the topics of social facilitation motivation and attitudinal effects of mere exposure affect, between 1965 and 1975 robert b. Some of the theoretical implications of these findings are discussed. Zajonc conducted four experiments, each of which provided overwhelming to strong support for the hypothesis that mere repeated exposure of an individual to a stimulus object enhances his or her attitude toward it. Allen university of arizona affective models of the mere exposure effect propose that repeated exposure to a stimulus increases the positive affect or reduces the. Shanks department of psychology, university college london, uk the perceptual fluencyattributional model of the mereexposure effect proposed by. Evidence from psychophysiological and individual differences approaches eddie harmonjones university of wisconsinmadison john j. The development of affinity among students richard l. Y 7, 461472 1971 attitudinal effects of mere exposure. Mere exposure effect additional experiments showed that the effect is very robust and r the mere exposure effect is a psychological phenomenon by which people tend to develop a preference for things or people that are more familiar to them than others. Examining the mere exposure effect in a marketing context. A case study a dissertation presented to the faculty of the education department carsonnewman university in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree doctor of education mary p.
This mererepeatedexposure effect is found in a variety of contexts, for a wide assortment of stimuli, using diverse procedures, and among both humans and nonhuman animals. Through mere exposure designers can create new connections between members of society by rethinking circulation paths, care. Just to be clear, this doesnt just apply to people. The mere exposure effect can be useful in marketing, as many forms of advertising can. The role of mere exposure effect on ethical tolerance. In social psychology, this effect is sometimes called the familiarity principle. Zajoncs paper describes a series of experiments in which he showed participants a sequence of random imagesgeometric shapes, chinese symbols, paintings, and. The subconscious effects of architectural factors on human behavior have rarely been examined. The mereexposure effect is a psychological phenomenon by which people tend to develop a preference for things merely because they are familiar with them. Mere exposure and the cognitiveaffective debate revisited.
Considering what can be supposed through existing research in mere exposure, examining the effects of interjecting strategic architectural interventions and programs offer great potential gains in community building. Newell school of psychology, university of new south wales, sydney, australia david r. Journal of personality and social psychology monograph supplement volume 9, no. Also called the familiarity principle, this psychological tendency causes individuals to prefer an option that they have been exposed to before to an option they have never encountered, even if the exposure to the first option was brief. The results from study 1 show there is a significant difference in ethical judgment for 12 out of 16 vignettes between those.
Article shifting liberal and conservative attitudes using moral foundations theory martin v. And harrison has suggested a theory to explain the relationship between repeated mere exposure and attractiveness. Website software copyright 2019, archieboy holdings, llc. The effects of similarity on perceived familiarity were almost entirely mediated by changes in attraction. It was concluded that mere exposure effects are not necessarily artifacts and that. The fact of having already encountered something encourages future preference, a phenomenon known as the mere exposure effect mee. The mere exposure effect is well established at this point. The effects of mere exposure on responses to foreign. The studies examined the role of the mere exposure effect on ethical tolerance or acceptability of particular business decisions.
For models of the mere exposure effect, the presumed answer to this question differentiates models that emphasize, versus minimize, the role of cognitive processes in the mere exposure effect. Sales department of psychology, carnegiemellon university zajonc has proposed that repeated mere exposure of a stimulus is a sufficient condition for enhancing the attractiveness of this stimulus. Research on the mere exposure phenomenon has focused most often on the attitudinal effects of repeated exposure to nonsocial stimuli cf. Beach university of pittsburgh received august 17, 1990 affinity is a complex blend of familiarity, attraction, and similarity that strengthens social relations by fostering a sense of. That is, in a context of greater polarization and fragmentation, crosscutting political exposure can make people more uncertain of their own positions and produce some demobilization mutz 2002a, 840. Journal of personality and social psychology monograph. One of the ways persuasive messages can be processed.
Zajonc, attitudinal effects of mere exposure, r journal of personality and social psychology monograph supplement 9 1968, 1 27. The mereexposure effect, also known as the familiarity principle, states that people tend to develop a preference for things merely because they are familiar. None of these explanations could account for the exposure effects. To define mere exposure effect, one must analyze the impact it has. Proximity and the mere exposure effect video khan academy. Curious is a neat website where you pay a low monthly subscription to learn about all sort of neat things, ranging from academic topics like psychology to more skilldevelopment topics like art, design. Memory enhances the mere exposure effect tom stafford university of shef. Users on social network sitesflight from reality and its.
This type of thinking is biased, as it is both irrational and contradicts the classical theory of finance. Journal of personality and social psychology9 2, attutudinal. The second thing that might drive this proximity effect is the mere exposure effect, which states that repeated exposure to novel people or objects or stimuli increases our liking for them. Three sources of stimulus in put, one visual and two aural, were distinguished in zajoncs 1968 study that demonstrated that rated goodnessofmeaning of nonsense words is a positive function of exposure frequency. Grossman the present study examined the effects of repeated exposure to the accent standard american english vs.
Trail3 abstract peoples social and political opinions are grounded in their moral concerns about right and wrong. Due to the mereexposure effect, it is thought that what people are more familiar with or see more often is favored. Zajonc 1968 studied mereexposure and concluded that repeated exposure of a stimulus enhances the attitude toward it. Abstract there currently are two interpretations of how affect is generated in the mere exposure effect. The questions arise, in part, as a result of repeated. That reaction is a great example of the mere exposure effect. Document resume title the effects of picture content. Abstractthe mere exposure effect mee was first identified by zajonc 1968. Citeseerx scientific documents that cite the following paper. After all, if recognition is necessary for the mere exposure effect, cognitive processes are, in that context, the basis for affective. Attitudinal consequences of media and interpersonal. The mere exposure instruction effect 6 important to establish new effects independently in both labbased and internetbased studies.
The main empirical support for the exposure hypothesis comes, therefore, not from work on interaction, interracial attitudes, or atti. The mere exposure effect and classical conditioning. When choosing a particular alternative from a number of financial assets, risk is an important feature. The effect has been demonstrated with many kinds of things, including words, chinese characters, paintings, pictures of faces, geometric figures, and. Document resume cs 200 704 becker, lee b doolittle. Journal of experimental social psychology 28, 255276 1992 exposure effects in the classroom. Zajonc 1968 reports a series of studies which he and his students conducted to determine the attitudinal effects of mere exposure. Stang queens college of the city university of new york the mediating role of learning in the relationship between repeated exposure and affect was explored and supported in three experiments involving a total of 229 undergraduate participants. The results of three experiments suggest that subtle auditory, olfactory and tactile stimuli in a built environment affect the decisionmaking process by means of the mere exposure effect. There is a widely accepted view that recognition inhibits the mee. Grounded on the uses and gratifications theory, the present study proposes and tests a model which shows the effects of social escapism motivation on user attitudes toward sna as well as on their sns banner adclicking behaviour.
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